乳酸钠对超硫酸盐水泥强度的影响及作用机理

超硫酸盐水泥是一种资源节约和环境友好型胶凝材料,但由于存在早期强度低等缺陷,限制了其推广应用。为提高超硫酸盐水泥早期强度,研究了乳酸钠掺量对超硫酸盐水泥强度的影响,通过ICP-OES、MIP、XRD、SEM等测试,分析了离子浓度、水化产物及微结构,并对相关机制进行了探讨。结果表明,超硫酸盐水泥中掺入少量乳酸钠能提高水泥强度,尤其是早期强度,但是掺量过高时其作用效果降低,甚至对强度不利。综合考虑早期强度和后期强度提高效果,乳酸钠掺量以0.25%(质量分数)左右为宜。乳酸钠提高超硫酸盐水泥强度的主要原因在于其能促进矿渣溶解,加快钙矾石和C-S-H等水化产物生成,从而改善水泥石微结构。     

绝缘材料用交联聚乙烯的研发进展

综述了绝缘材料用交联聚乙烯的研发进展。采用过氧化物化学交联法,通过添加纳米聚合物可以提高交联聚乙烯的电荷输运调控能力和击穿场强,从而提升交联聚乙烯绝缘材料的耐高压交流击穿能力;通过添加电压稳定剂可以改善交联聚乙烯绝缘材料的耐电性能和击穿强度;通过添加含磷助剂和含氮助剂可以提升交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘材料的高压直流击穿强度以及抑制空间电荷性能。采用硅烷交联法,添加长诱导时间催化剂母粒生产的绝缘材料抗老化并且诱导时间可控,在生产和使用过程中不发生预交联,生产过程中炭黑的均匀分散有助于中低压架空电线电缆耐气候性能的提升。     

Computer generation of detailed reaction networks in hydrocracking of Fischer-Tropsch wax

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) wax is a mixture of linear hydrocarbons with carbon number from C7 to C70+.Converting FTS wax into high-quality diesel (no sulfur and nitrogen contents) by hydrocracking technology is attractive in economy and practicability.Kinetic study of the hydrocracking of FTS wax in elementary step level is very challenging because of the huge amounts of reactions and species involved.Generation of reaction networks for hydrocracking of FTS wax in which the chain length goes up to C70 is described on the basis of Boolean adjacency matrixes.Each of the species (including paraffins,olefins and carbenium ions) involved in the elementary steps is represented digitally by using a(N + 3) × N matrix,in which a group of standardized numbering rules are designed to guarantee the unique identity of the species.Subsequently,the elementary steps are expressed by computer-aided matrix transformations in terms of proposed reaction rules.Dynamic memory allocation is used in spe-cies storage and a characteristic vector with nine elements is designed to store the key information of a(N + 3) × N matrix,which obviously reduces computer memory consumption and improves computing efficiency.The detailed reaction networks of FTS wax hydrocracking can be generated smoothly and accu-rately by the current method.The work is the basis of advanced elementary-step-level kinetic modeling.     

Solvent-free partial oxidation of cyclohexane to KA oil over hydrotalcite-derived Cu-MgAlO mixed metal oxides

A highly efficient and stable hydrotalcite-derived Cu-MgAlO catalyst was developed for the partial oxidation of cyclohexane with molecular oxygen. The physical-chemical properties of Cu-MgAlO catalysts were studied, and the results indicated that the copper component had been successfully introduced into the hydrotalcite unit layer structure. The catalytic reaction results showed that copper as the active species could activate C-H bond and effectively promote the decomposition of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide (CHHP) to the mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (KA oil). 8.3% of cyclohexane conversion and 82.9% of selectivity for KA oil were obtained over 9%Cu-MgAlO catalyst at 150℃ with 0.6 MPa of oxygen pressure for 2 h. Especially, its catalytic performance was still stable after five runs.     

Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride for membrane separation

Recent years, membrane separation technology has attracted significant research attention because of the efficient and environmentally friendly operation. The selection of suitable materials to improve the membrane selectivity, permeability and other properties has become a topic of vital research relevance. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, a novel family of multifunctional materials, are widely used in membrane separation due to their unique structure and properties. In this respect, as a novel 2D material, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) have found specific attention in membrane separation. This study reviews the application of carbon nitride in gas separation membranes, pervaporation membranes, nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, ion exchange membranes and catalytic membranes, along with describing the separation mechanisms.     

Recent advances in nanofiltration,reverse osmosis membranes and their applications in biomedical separation field

In the face of human society's great requirements for health industry, and the much stricter safety and quality standards in the biomedical industry, the demand for advanced membrane separation technologies continues to rapidly grow in the world. Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) as the high-efficient, low energy consumption, and environmental friendly membrane separation techniques, show great promise in the application of biomedical separation field. The chemical compositions, microstructures and surface properties of NF/RO membranes determine the separation accuracy, efficiency and operation cost in their applications. Accordingly, recent studies have focused on tuning the structures and tailoring the performance of NF/RO membranes via the design and synthesis of various advanced membrane materials, and exploring universal and convenient membrane preparation strategies, with the objective of promoting the better and faster development of NF/RO membrane separation technology in the biomedical separation field. This paper reviews the recent studies on the NF/RO membranes constructed with various materials, including the polymeric materials, different dimensional inorganic/organic nanomaterials, porous polymeric materials and metal coordination polymers, etc. Moreover, the influence of membrane chemical compositions, interior microstructures, and surface characteristics on the separation performance of NF/RO membranes, are comprehensively discussed. Subsequently, the applications of NF/RO membranes in biomedical separation field are systematically reported. Finally, the perspective for future challenges of NF/RO membrane separation techniques in this field is discussed.     

山地高落差地形焦化升级改造项目的设计和建设

由于鑫泰能源处山地地形且无法进行空间扩展,焦化升级改造项目需建设在水平标高高于原生产系统12 m的地形位置,且在凉焦台和运焦通廊的下方是无法占用的国家铁路线,需综合利用山地地形高落差的特点进行项目设计和建设。通过大跨度输送物料,悬空在火车轨道上方建设凉焦台、拦焦轨道、人员行走平台等设备设施,设置天车转运检修熄焦车等方式,合理布置XJL6253D型捣固焦炉的装置和环保除尘设施,解决了物料输送和装置安装等方面的问题,在不影响原有焦化系统正常运行的情况下,完成升级改造项目的设计和建设工作,并综合利用原有煤气净化系统。     

退役锂离子电池湿法冶金回收技术研究进展

近年来,随着锂离子电池的广泛应用,产生了大批量退役锂离子电池.退役锂离子电池含有有毒物质和贵重金属,若不进行有效处理会造成环境污染和资源浪费,因此研究退役锂离子电池的回收工艺具有重要的意义.综述了退役锂离子电池湿法冶金回收技术的研究进展,包括退役锂离子电池的预处理、浸出、萃取分离和再生等方法,并对锂离子电池回收工艺的发展进行了展望和建议.